Wildland Fire Emissions Inventory System v2.2020.10

For Consume's fuel moisture inputs, WFEIS uses modeled values based on a burned area's day and location. A single fuel moisture is assigned for each burned area. When using the calculator, leave moisture scenario on 'auto' to use these default values, or assign static moistures to the entire scenario.

Modeling details:

1000-hr fuel moisture is modeled using observations from RAWS data interpolated to a 40-km grid for each day for CONUS+AK. For Canada, values are crosswalked from corresponding GFWED Canada Forest Fire Weather Index (FWI) System Drought Code (DC) quartiles.
Duff fuel moisture (%) is modeled from GFWED FWI Drought Moisture Code (DMC) using the following equation:

duff moisture % = e^(-(DMC - 244.72)/43.43) + 20
Litter fuel moisture (%) is derived by subtracting modeled GFWED FWI Fine Fuel Moisture Code (FFMC) from 100.
Canopy consumption defaults are provided for each fuelbed.
Shrub blackened uses a default static value of 50%.

Data sources for modeled fuel moisture:

Source	Date range	Description

The fuelbed system determines the fuel loadings used in the Consume emissions calculations.

By default, WFEIS uses FCCS fuelbeds, which are designed to interface with the Consume emissions model, but users can choose to use NAWFD fuelbeds instead. Using NAWFD enables the quantification of error attributed to variability in fuel loadings in emissions estimations with the caveat that it does not have the same comprehensive spatial coverage that FCCS has; some of NAWFD's LANDFIRE Existing Vegetation Type group fuelbeds are missing data, specifically several prominent managed fuelbeds: Managed Tree Plantation, Modified-Managed Prairie Grassland; and several prominent natural fuelbeds in Alaska: White Spruce Forest and Woodland and Floodplain Forest and Shrubland.

In general NAWFD median loadings are most similar to FCCS loadings while NAWFD mean loadings tend to skew higher than FCCS.
NAWFD stochastic loadings are drawn randomly from probability distributions and so will vary for every model run, but in general they will be most similar to NAWFD mean loadings.

System	Description

Mapping fuelbeds to basemaps

WFEIS uses lookup tables to translate from a basemap pixel value to fuelbed.

US

For the US, both the FCCS and NAWFD fuelbed systems use the LANDFIRE (LF) Existing Vegetation Type (EVT) basemap. Different LANDFIRE versions represent ground conditions in years 2001, 2008, 2010, 2014, and 2016 (REMAP). In WFEIS, burned areas are intersected with the most recently available LF version for the burned date. e.g. all burned areas occuring <2008 use the LF 2001 basemap; burned areas 2008-2009 use the LF 2008 basemap; burned areas 2010-2011 use the LF 2010 basemap; etc.

Canada

For Canada, WFEIS uses the Fuel Behavior Prediciton (FBP) Fuel Type map. Each FBP type is assigned to an FCCS fuelbed to get fuel loading data.

The burned area source determines the timing, location, and extent of the fire(s) used in the analysis:

* timing determines fuel moisture inputs and the basemap year;
* location determines fuel loading inputs; and
* extent determines area input for emissions calculations.

Quantitative comparison of burned area products.

When using the calculator, users can select User submission to draw/upload their own burned area boundaries.

Name	Date range	Spatial domain	IDs?	Description
MODIS MCD64A1 Burned Area (v6)	Aug 01, 2000 - Feb 28, 2021	US, Canada		The Terra and Aqua combined MCD64A1 Version 6 Burned Area data product is a monthly, global gridded 500-m product containing per-pixel burned-area and quality information. The MCD64A1 burned-area mapping approach employs 500-m Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Surface Reflectance imagery coupled with 1-km MODIS Active Fire (MCD14ML) observations. MCD64A1 is higher resolution and more quality controlled than MCD14ML, which is focused on rapid real-time information. More info...
CAL FIRE FRAP perimeters	Jan 01, 2000 - Dec 19, 2019	California	✓	This is a multi-agency statewide database of fire history. For CAL FIRE, timber fires 10 acres or greater, brush fires 30 acres and greater, and grass fires 300 acres or greater are included. For the USFS, there is a 10 acre minimum for fires since 1950. This dataset contains wildfire history, prescribed burns and other fuel modification projects. More info...
MTBS perimeters	Feb 21, 1984 - Nov 16, 2018	US	✓	Monitoring trends in burn severity (MTBS) is a multi-agency program designed to consistently map the burn severity and perimeters of fires across all lands of the United States from 1984-present. MTBS perimeters are delineated using 30-m Landsat data. The start date is used as the day of burn for each perimeter. More info...
Landsat BAECV	Jan 01, 2005 - Oct 18, 2015	CONUS		The USGS has developed and implemented an algorithm that identifies burned areas in dense time series of Landsat image stacks to produce the Burned Area Essential Climate Variable products. The algorithm makes use of predictors derived from individual Landsat scenes, lagged reference conditions, and change metrics between the scene and reference conditions. WFEIS uses the burn date product that represents the first date of burning for each pixel and year, vectorized from the yearly 30m grids. More info...
NIFS perimeters	Jan 01, 2000 - Jan 06, 2021	US	✓	The National Incident Feature Service (NIFS) is an interagency wildland fire community effort taking over the original GeoMAC tool. In WFEIS, the pre-2019 perimeters are aggregated from all available GeoMAC perimeters for a given fire w/ the date representing the earliest perimeter date available. 2019 and later perimeters use NIFS Current Perimeters data. More info...
ABoVE Wildfire Date Of Burning	Jan 01, 2001 - Nov 27, 2019	AK, Canada	✓	This dataset provides estimates of wildfire progression, as represented by date of burning (DoB), within fire scars across Alaska and Canada for the period 2001-2019. The estimated DoB was derived using an algorithm for identifying the first fire occurrence from the MODIS Active Fire detection product (MCD14ML, Collection 6) and to determine all dates of burning within perimeters from the Alaskan Interagency Coordination Center (AICC) and the Natural Resources Canada (NRC) databases. More info...
SmartFire2 NEI	Dec 31, 2010 - Dec 31, 2011	US		SmartFire2 is a framework for producing fire activity data that allows for merging of multiple data sources into a reconciled set of fire information. This dataset was produced for the EPA's 2011 National Emissions Inventory (NEI). More info...
Canada National Fire Database	Jan 01, 1950 - Nov 08, 2019	Canada	✓	The Canadian National Fire Database (CNFDB) is a collection of forest fire data from various sources; in WFEIS these data include fire perimeters (polygon data) as provided by Canadian fire management agencies (provinces, territories, and Parks Canada). Fires of all sizes are included in the database. Note that the data contained in the CNFDB are not complete nor are they without error. Not all fires have been mapped, and data accuracy varies due to different mapping techniques. More info...

Emissions

Burned area product comparison

View and download country- and state/province-level statistics from cached WFEIS model runs that used the FCCS fuelbed system w/ spatio-temporally derived fuel moisture inputs.

Burned area source
Year range	through
Area-of-interest
	**Burned area data available through:
CSV Downloads	monthly \| yearly \| total

US totals

km²

total area burned

consumed of Mg available fuel
(% consumed)

total CO₂ emissions

total PM_2.5 emissions

output	total		Mg/km²

Display parameter:

State/province distribution

Comparison of burned area product

by area burned (km²) for: ,

Wildland Fire Emissions Inventory System (wfeis.mtri.org)
Developed by Michigan Tech Research Institute (MTRI; mtri.org)

Development of WFEIS has been supported through grants from the NASA Carbon Cycle Science Program (grant #NNX08AK69G to MTU and USFS), the NASA Applications program (grants #NNX09AP53G to the National Institute of Aerospace, A. Soja, PI and #NNX12AQ90G to MTU and USFS), the NASA Carbon Monitoring Program (Grant #NNX12AM91G to MTU and USFS), and the NASA Terrestrial Ecology Arctic-boreal Vulnerability Experiment program (grant #80NSSC19M0106 to MTU and UMd).